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Higher
Education System in India Universities and specialised
institutes are the centres for higher learning in India. The studies and
disciplines cover a wide range of subjects from poetry to computer
engineering to space research. Most of the universities and higher
centres of learning and research are autonomous in function. A good
number of universities have a federal structure composed of affiliated
colleges on one tier and the university departments on the other. The
affiliated colleges teach, in general, undergraduate courses, whereas
the university departments conduct postgraduate teaching and advanced
research. The university decides the criteria of admission into colleges
and coordinates the first degree examination in the undergraduate
programmes and award of degree.
Some other types of
universities teach both undergraduate and postgraduate courses in
general disciplines as well as in technical and professional courses.
There are no affiliated colleges attached to them.
There is a third
category of universities and institutions where technical and
professional courses are taught at undergraduate and postgraduate
levels. Names like Indian Institute of Technology, Birla Institute of
Technology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Indian Forest
Research Institute, Indian Veterinary Research Institute can be quoted.
Some institutes only offer postgraduate and research courses such as
Indian Agricultural Research Institute and Post Graduate Institute of
Medical Research.
The distinctiveness,
flexibility and the quality of higher education in India have been
attracting more and more international students to come to Indian
universities. In contrast to the expensive university and higher
education offered in the USA, in the western European countries or in
Australia, higher education is still highly subsidised in India and
therefore, affordable. Further, students from developing countries find
a greater sense of belonging and confidence-sharing as they have many
social and cultural values common with India.
Courses
and Degrees
Undergraduate
Courses
Undergraduate
courses, in general, are of three years leading to the final
examinations. The universities and higher institutes award Bachelor's
degrees in Arts, Science, Commerce, etc. However, undergraduate courses
leading to a first degree in professional subjects like Engineering,
Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmacy are of a longer duration ranging from
four to five and a half years.
Postgraduate Courses
Courses in Arts,
Science and Medicine are of two years ending with a Master's degree. For
Engineering and Technology, it is of one and a half years. In some
specialised fields for instance, for a Bachelor of Education (B.Ed)
degree, the possession of a Bachelor's degree in any other discipline is
required before admission can be obtained.
Some universities
and higher institutes offer a diploma or a certificate course of shorter
duration in disciplines like Engineering, Agricultural Sciences and
Computer Technology. The duration of these courses varies from
university to university.
Universities and University Level
Institutions in India
There are presently
226 university level institutions in India including 39 'Deemed
universities.' Out of these 155 are traditional universities, 34
Agricultural Universities, (including Fisheries and Veterinary sciences,
Horticulture and Dairy Technology), 17 are Engineering and Technology
Universities including 6 Institutes of Technology, 14 Universities of
Medical Sciences and Technology, a National University of Law, Institute
for Population Sciences, Indian Statistical Institute, Indian Institute
of Science, 1 University for Journalism, 1 University for Ayurveda, 5
Universities for Women's Studies, 6 Sanskrit universities, 7 Open
Universities,7 Universities of Fine Arts and Music and 1 University of
History of Art, Conservation and Museology.
There are more than
8000 colleges affiliated to these universities and it is estimated that
nearly 5 million students are on roll. Out of the number of colleges
mentioned above 150 offer MBBS and higher degrees in medicine, 74 in
Dentistry, 90 in Pharmacy, 62 in Nursing, 170 in Agriculture and allied
courses, 428 in Engineering, 116 in Ayurveda and 75 in Homeopathy. BA,
BSc, BCom, BEd, LLB, MA, MSc, MEd and other higher degrees in
disciplines of basic sciences, social sciences and humanities including
foreign languages, international relations, social studies, education
and law are offered at most of the conventional universities or
colleges. Master's courses in business management (MBA) and allied
courses are offered at 292 colleges/ institutes including 4 Institutes
of Management, which are centres of advanced learning. Along with
constituent colleges of universities, a large number of research centres
of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Bhaba Atomic
Research Centre, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Indian Council
of Medical Research, Indian Council for Social Science Research are also
affiliated to the university system and offer research for doctoral and
postdoctoral programmes.
Medium of Instruction
In most of the universities the medium of instruction is English. Some
universities and colleges have switched over to Hindi and regional
languages. Postgraduate education is conducted in English at most of the
centres. The medium of instruction is English for scientific, technical
and professional education.
Eligibility for Admission
For admission to
undergraduate courses, universities/institutes of higher education in
India require candidates to complete 12 years of schooling. They should
have passed in 5 subjects in the Senior Secondary or equivalent
examination. Candidates are expected to obtain 60-70% marks in their
qualifying examinations. For admission to undergraduate technical
courses, candidates should obtain, 75-80% in their qualifying
examinations which should include the subjects Physics, Chemistry,
Biology, Mathematics and English. Admission requirements to
undergraduate pass courses are not very rigid. For technical and
professional courses at the undergraduate level, however, applicants can
be admitted against nominated seats/paid seats according to prescribed
guidelines.
The universities in
the country are autonomous and are free to establish regulations of
their own, related to acceptance of qualifications from countries other
than India. The Association of Indian Universities (AIU) has been
accepted as an accredited agency at the national level for undertaking
the assessment of foreign academic credentials. The following
examinations have been equated with the Senior Secondary Examination
(Class XII) in this country and is considered to be the minimum
admission requirement for the first degree programme, including
professional disciplines:
-
GCE Examination
of the UK
with passes in five subjects at the ordinary level (O level) and two
subjects at the Advanced Level (A level). For admission to first
degree professional courses, three passes at A level in Physics,
Chemistry, Mathematics/ Biology are essential. Knowledge of English
is also compulsory for admission.
-
Baccalaureate
Examination of France.
-
International
Baccalaureate of Geneva.
-
High school
graduation from the accredited institutions of the USA.
-
Intermediate/
Senior Secondary/ Higher Secondary/ Certificate level Examination of
the approved Board of Secondary Education in Bangladesh, Pakistan,
Iran, Iraq, Bahrain, Kuwait, Jordan, Saudi Arabia and other Gulf
countries.
-
Twelve years of
Secondary stage qualifications of National Examination Board/
Council of the Ministries of Education of Kenya, Nigeria,
Uganda, Tanzania.
Indian universities
do not give blanket recognition to the degree/ diploma/ certificate
awarded by foreign universities or educational boards. It is therefore,
advisable to apply for admission along with a copy of the syllabus of
the qualifying examination passed by an international student in his
home country. International students wishing to study at an Indian
university are advised to ascertain their eligibility from Indian
diplomatic missions or refer to the AIU publication "Equivalence of
Foreign Degrees" available with the Indian Missions in their country; or
write to:
Reservation
of seats for the Children of Indian workers in the Gulf
The All India
Council for Technical Education (AICTE), in terms of its
Notification No.F.37-3/Legal/2004
dated 21st January 2004, has announced reservation of one-third of the
15% supernumeraray seats (of Foreign Nationals/Persons of Indian
Origin) for the Children of Indian Workers in the Gulf Countries, in all the institutions / University Departments, approved by AICTE, offering technical courses leading to Diploma, Degree and
Post-Graduate Degree in Engineering & Technology, Architecture & Town
Planning, Pharmacy, Applied Arts, MBA & MCA, Hotel Management & Catering
Technology.
Evaluation and Information Unit
Association of Indian Universities,
AIU House, 16 Kotla Road, New Delhi-110 002. INDIA.
Tel: 91-011-323-0059/2305/3390/3097/2429
Fax 91-011-3236106
The Evaluation and Information Unit of AIU will evaluate the academic
programme completed by the international student.
For further
information on education in India, please contact:
1.
Indian Council for Cultural Relations,
Azad
Bhavan, Indraprastha Estate,
New
Delhi-110002
Tele No. 91-11-23370698, 23370254
Fax No.
91-11-23378639, 23378647, 23370732
e-mail:
iccr@giasdl01.vsnl.net.in
2.
Educational Consultants India Ltd (Ed.CIL),
Ed.CIL House,
18-A, Sector 16-A,
NOIDA-201301
INDIA.
Tele No. 91-120-2515281, 2512001 to 06
Fax No.
91-120-2512010, 2515372
e-mail: root@edcil.co.in
3.
Ministry of External Affairs,
(Students
Cell),
Akbar
Bhavan (Room No. 1007)
Chanakya Puri,
New
Delhi-110021
Tele No: 91-11-26876133
Fax No.:
91-11-26876134
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